Actions to be done during Tashreeq Days (the 11th, 12th and 13th days of Dhul-Hijjah)

It was authentically proven in the Hadith of Ibn `Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) who said: "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) departed from `Arafat on the day of `Arafah then went back to pray Zhuhr in Mina."[1]

The stay of pilgrims in Mina on the Day of Sacrifice (10^th of Dhul-Hijjah) and during the days following the day of immolation is permissible according to the consensus. Likewise, spending the night most the 11^th and 12^th nights which is obligatory upon people except butlers, shepherds and those of the like according to Ahmad and others because of the Hadith that the Prophet (peace be upon him) gave permission to the herdsmen of the camels not to pass night at Mina. It was reported in Sahih Al Bukhari and Sahih Muslim that the Prophet (peace be upon him) gave permission to Al `Abbas to spend the nights of Mina in Makkah because of providing the pilgrims with water to drink."[2]

`Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "No one of pilgrims should spend the nights of Mina in the places of throwing the pebbles."

These narrations prove that spending the nights of Mina for those who witnessed sun set there is obligatory, and whoever leaves it without an excuse shall be sinful and must offer a sacrifice, therefore the Prophet (peace be upon him) gave permission to the people of excuses.

Pilgrims must cast the three groups of pebbles on 11^th day which is called "Yawm Al Qar" because people settle in Mina on that day. Pilgrims also must cast pebbles on 12^th day after the sun had passed its zenith until sunset each Jamrah [pole in which pebbles are cast] consists of seven pebbles, so they cast 21 pebbles each day. The proof to that is the Hadith of Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) in Sahih Muslim that the Prophet (peace be upon him) cast pebbles on the day of sacrifice after sunset but during the days of Tashriq, he cast them after the sun had passed its zenith.[3]

It was reported in Sahih Al Bukhari that Jabir said: "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) stoned the Jamrah in the forenoon on the Day of Sacrifice, but after that (he stones it) after the sun had passed its zenith."[4]

Ibn `Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: "We used to wait till the sun declined and then we would do the Rami (i.e. on the 11^th and 12^th of Dhul-Hijjah)."[5]

Ibn `Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) used to say: "Do not cast pebbles during the three days of Tashriq until the sun had passed its zenith." [Reported by Malik and others].

These authentic narrations indicate that throwing the pebbles should start after the sun had passed its zenith during these days as the Prophet (peace be upon him) explained and as the Companions did.

Throwing the pebbles must be done in arrangement during the days of Tashriq. So, a pilgrim should start with the lesser Jamrah which is near to Al Khayf Mosque. He should throw seven small pebbles like a finger joint and should pronounce Takbir with each pebble. Then a pilgrim should stand long and invoke Allah then goes to the middle Jamrah and do the same, then goes to Jamratul-`Aqabah which is the farthest from Mina but after finishing, he should not stand for invocation but should leave directly after throwing them as the Prophet (peace be upon him) did.

It was reported in Sahih Al Bukhari on the authority of `Abdullah ibn `Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) who said: "He used to do Rami of the Jamrat-ud-Dunya (the Jamrah near to the Khayf mosque) with seven small stones and used to recite Takbir on throwing every pebble. He then would go ahead till he reached the level ground where he would stand facing the Qiblah for a long time to invoke (Allah) while raising his hands (while invoking). Then he would do Rami of the Jamrat-ul-Wusta (middle Jamrah) and then he would go to the left towards the middle ground, where he would stand facing the Qiblah. He would remain standing there for a long period to invoke (Allah) while raising his hands, and would stand there for a long period. Then he would do Rami of the Jamrat-ul-`Aqaba from the middle of the valley, but he would not stay by it, and then he would leave and say: "I saw the Prophet (peace be upon him) doing like this."[6]

How to hasten or delay departure:

* Then after throwing the pebbles on 12^th day, whoever likes to leave may do so and leaves Mina before sunset, and that is called the first depart. Whoever delays and spends the night in Mina on the 13^th eve then throws the pebbles on the 13^th day, it will be better and more rewarded, and that is the second depart because of Allah's Saying: "whosoever hastens to leave in two days, there is no sin on him and whosoever stays on, there is no sin on him, if his aim is to do good and obey Allâh (fear Him), and know that you will surely be gathered to Him." [Surat Al Baqarah: 203].

Hastening to leave may happen in the 12^th day, but as for the 11^th day, it is a day for stay because the Prophet (peace be upon him) gave permission to leave on the 12^th day. As for the Prophet (peace be upon him), he did not leave but stayed at Mina until he threw the pebbles on the 13^th day after the sun had passed its zenith then left before praying Zhuhr. Pilgrims must fear Allah in all their rites by following the Prophet (peace be upon him) and not to disobey him. So, whoever fears Allah there is no harm against him whether delayed or hastened the departure, and whoever does not fear Allah shall be sinful.

Warnings pertaining to throwing the pebbles:

1- Throwing the pebbles was set to mention Allah as Abraham (peace be upon him) did. Imam Ahmad, Abu Dawud, and others reported that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "Going round the House (the Ka`bah), running between As-Safa and Marwah, and throwing pebbles are meant for mentioning Allah."[7]

Al Bayhaqy reported in his Sunan on the authority of Ibn `Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) who said: "When Abraham started the rites, Satan came to him at Jamratul-`Aqabah, then he threw him with seven pebbles until he sank into the earth. Then he blocked his way at the second Jamrah, and he threw him with seven pebbles until he sank into earth. Then he blocked his way at the third Jamrah, then he threw him with seven pebbles until he sank into earth."

Ibn `Abbas said: "You stone Satan, and follow the religion of your father (Abraham)."[8] [Reported by Al Hakim in Al Mustadrak, and graded it as authentic, and said: According to the conditions set by Al Bukhari and Muslim without mentioning it in their books of authentic Hadiths].[9]

2- A pilgrim should keep to tranquility, reverence, and humbleness while he is going to Jamarat and during casting them, moreover he should avoid harming people because of the Hadith that was mentioned in Al Musnad on the authority of Qudamah ibn `Abdullah ibn `Ammar (may Allah be pleased with him) who said: "I saw the Prophet (peace be upon him) on the day of sacrifice throwing Jamratul-`Aqabah riding his she-camel which name is Sahba' There was no striking, pushing, or "away, away!"[10]

It was reported in Sahih Muslim from the Hadith of Al Fadl ibn `Abbas that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said on the eve of `Arafah and on the morning of the day of sacrifice to the people as they were moving on: "Keep calm."[11]

It was reported from the Prophet (peace be upon him) that he said: "O people, do not kill one another (due to crowding)."[12]

3- Some laymen believe that they must pick up the pebbles from Muzdalifah, but that was not reported from the Prophet (peace be upon him). When a pilgrim wants to throw the pebbles, he should pick up the pebbles each day from his residence in Mina or from his way while going to throw the pebbles.

4- Many people believe that they should throw the pole at the Jamrah, but this is wrong because the pebbles must be thrown in the basin, and the pole is only a sign to the basin. It is not a condition that the pebbles should stay at the basin, but if some of them moved out of the basin, it will be correct according to a group of scholars.

5- A pilgrim must fear Allah in regard to His Rites by doing them perfectly for the sake of Allah and following the example of the Prophet (peace be upon him). Furthermore, he should observe patience and seek the reward from Allah for the difficulties and hardships he faces. It was reported in the Hadith that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "Hajj is the Jihad of every weak person." [Reported by Ahmad and Ibn Majah].[13]

If it is difficult for a pilgrim due to old age, sickness, fear, or pregnancy, it is permissible to a pilgrim to authorize someone to throw on his behalf. "So keep your duty to Allâh and fear Him as much as you can." [Surat At-Taghabun: 16].

And His Saying: "Allâh burdens not a person beyond his scope. He gets reward for that (good) which he has earned, and he is punished for that (evil) which he has earned." [Surat Al Baqarah: 286].

And because of the Hadith reported in Al Musnad and others on the authority of Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) in the description of their pilgrimage with the Prophet (peace be upon him) in which he said: "We made the boys pronounce Talbiyah and threw the pebbles on their behalf."[14]

6- It is permissible for man to throw pebbles for himself then throws on behalf of the one who authorized him in one situation.

7- Some people make a mistake in throwing the pebbles during the days of Tashriq where they throw the pebbles before the sun reaches its zenith which is contradictory to the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace be upon him) who did not throw the pebbles but after the sun had passed its zenith. He used to say: "Take your rites from me."

The Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) wait for the sun until it passes its zenith. Many scholars hold the view of throwing the pebbles before the sun reaches its zenith requires another throwing or offering a sacrifice.

Actions related to the days of Tashriq

A- It is a Sunnah that a pilgrim should not be fasting during the days of Tashriq because they are days for eating, drinking, and mentioning Allah (Glory be to Him). However, if the pilgrim who performs Qiran or Tamatu` Hajj is unable to offer a sacrifice for the losing of his expenditure, he may fast during the days of Tashriq or before the day of Nahr because of the Hadith of `A'ishah and Ibn `Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) who said: "Nobody was allowed to fast on the days of Tashrlq except those who could not afford the Hadi (Sacrifice)." [Reported by Al Bukhari].[15]

B- If the sun had set on the 12^th day while a pilgrim is still in Mina without leaving, he must spend the night in Mina on the 12^th night and throw the pebbles on the 13^th day after the sun passes its zenith because of the Hadith that was reported from Ibn `Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he used to say: "Someone who is at Mina when the sun sets in the middle of the days of Tashriq must not leave until he has stoned the Jamras on the following day."[16] [Reported by Malik and others].

If a pilgrim lags behind because of the crowd, he may leave with no harm.

C- If it is easy for a pilgrim to go to Al Muhassab after throwing the pebbles on the 13^th day and spend the night, it is a Sunnah because of the Prophet's saying:  "Tomorrow Allah willing, we will encamp at Khayf Banu Kinanah where the pagans (of Quraish) took the oath of Kufr (against the Prophet (peace be upon him) i.e. to be loyal to heathenism, by boycotting Banu Hashim, the Prophet's folk)." [Reported by Al Bukhari].[17]

Ibn `Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (peace be upon him) Abu Bakr, and `Umar used to spend the night in Al Abtah (valley between Makkah and Mina).[18]

Ibn Umar used to think that (stopping in) Al Hasbah was Sunnah[19], and he used to pray Zhuhr on the day of departure from Mina in Al Hasbah. Nafi` said: "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and the caliphs after him stopped in Al Hasbah." [20]