His dealing peace be upon him with crises Fraternity system as a model

His dealing peace be upon him with crises

Fraternity system as a model

By

Ahlam Abassi

Translated by

Nabil Belmekki

In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful and prayers and peace be upon the Prophet Muhammad Noor universes and guide creatures and taking out tribes from the darkness of ignorance to the light of Islam and its teachings; may Allah send peace and blessings upon his family and all his Companions.  

To those whose souls pushed them to abuse the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, to who claim freedom of expression even if it is mishandling of religions and contempt them, and in accordance with what the Koran has brought: (Invite to the way of thy Lord with wisdom and fair preaching, and argue with them in ways that are best) [1] ,This article comes to show part of the biography of Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, with the moral dimensions of value, leadership and governance as well as the dimensions of cognitive familiar with the reality of the situation and consider the fate diagnosis of fact and management crises and jurisprudence.

Biography of the Prophet received with great interest by researchers who were Muslims or non-Muslims, as a man does not know in the history of mankind quoted details of his life, and the minutes of his actions as quoted details of the life of Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him and his actions minutes. And no one knows the biography of a man which was revised, achieved and scrutinized, as it were done with the biography of the Messenger of Allah.

Writings have varied about him, God bless him, and encompassing all areas and concerned all behaviors from birth to death.   They studied him peace be upon him as a child in all phases of childhood from birth to breastfeeding, bail to a life of toil until he became was young…, then a prophet envoy first thing that came down by the spirit of the Secretary to the magnificence of God be upon him, then a husband in his treatment with his wives, father, calling, then the leader of the first country in Islam and its capital city of Medina, and all of these aspects has been designated a literature which is difficult to restrict or count conducted by researchers Muslims and orientalists alike, were unanimous that this great man deserved the right to be the savior of mankind from delusion, delusion of ignorance and injustice to the light of Islam and a gift.

The study of biography of the Prophet peace be upon him is not a luxury but is intellectually superstructure of the Lord of the Worlds, who said in His noble Qur’an: (Ye have indeed in the Messenger of Allah a beautiful pattern (of conduct) [2] , this verse out great in acting as the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, in his words, actions and conditions. For this, God Almighty asked people to follow the Prophet, and obey him, and stay away from anything that he forbids many times in the holy Qur'an. And the Almighty Allah made from the biography of the prophet peace be upon him a religion for the believers to follow.  It is in fact the adherence of the prophet’s biography a love of the slave (the believer) to his god as Allah said, “Say: If you love Allah, follow me: Allah will love you, and grant you protection from your sins. And Allah is Forgiving, Merciful” (03:031).

I will try, God willing, in this paper to show the prominent leadership aspect in the prophet personality and answer the following questions as well: 

How did he, peace be upon him, act with the situation in the city, a region that is different from Mecca geographically, politically and economically? How did he deal with the new society with the multiple formations and communities? What are the mechanisms adopted in stabilizing the internal security in the region? 

The prophet, peace be upon him, worked on building the Islamic state, taking the Medina Mounawara as its center, where all the components of the constitutional laws are availably made, the laws are as the following:

1- Territory: subjecting groups to a well-organized political power

2- Groups of people: sociological entity as the need of having humans living in the territory is a must, so scholars of constitutional law put the human groups into three different categories:

1- population

2- people

3- nation

3- The actual authority and the state’s functions, it is also called the state’s formative, the masters’ staff, political authority or general authorities, the actual authority is a crucial mechanism without which the state would not exist[3].

  It is worth mentioning that those components were made procurable thanks to the prophet, peace be upon him, migration to medina Mounawara (Yathrib) which is turned into the Islamic state’s territory.

The nation, as already raised in the chapters of the medina’s journal: the new community consisted of   diverse sects that could be raised up as the following:

1- sect of infidels: containing two main tribes that are the El Aous and El Khazraj, among the two there existed eight tribes as mentioned in the medina’s pact.

2- Three Jewish tribes that were the core of the economic power in the country.

3- sect of hypocrites who used to manipulate Islam, they used to pretend to associate themselves with Islam due to its velocity ,therefore, their souls did not heavily and truly believed in Islam.

4- Groups of migrants who left their properties and assets and joined the supporters in the medina

5- Groups of supporters who swore allegiance to the prophet, peace be upon him, these groups were truly supporters of the prophet, thus the unique interactions between each other gave birth to a very special community.

The actual authority: the prophet was holding solutions and he was the one who managed various issues related to his strong state.

The medina’s constitution:

 The first thing that the prophet, peace  be upon him, managed to do after building the kobae’s mosque and lifting the expression that Allah is greater, is arraying the internal house formulating an atmosphere of security and stability that kept the state far away from glamour and enemies, because the society that gathered different sects opens the opportunity to external forces ;surrounding the territory to propagate internal troubles ,making its components fall down;  however, thanks to the prophet’s wisdom ,he worked on holding peace treaty with Jews so as to avoid troubles;  as Ibn Ishaq highlighted regarding the treaty:”The prophet wrote a book ,where he calls for peace between migrants, supporters and the Jews; making conditions as well as promising them for their religion and properties”.

Some scholars refer to this book as the medina‘s constitution, it contains forty seven chapters,(the prophet opens the book claiming; This I a book from the prophet mohammed Muslim believers of Quraish(Yathrib tribe) as well as all supporters  who strove with them,we are all one nation)…The Jews…Bani ouaf…Bani Najar…Bani Hurith…Bani Saadida…Bani Jasham as well as the Jews of El Aous,Bani Thaalaba [4].

Hence, though religious and ethnic differences among the formation of the society, they were all one nation, Dr Mohammed Salabi comments on this document saying:”It was an inclusive document addressing all the needs of the state starting with its constitutional and administrative components as well as dealing with the relationship of the individual with the state….”;So the document laid the ground for administrative arrangements ,it is also considered as an important treaty that organizes the relationship between Muslims and infidels, who are living with them  ,based on tolerance ,justice and parity; consequently he treaty was a legal formula shaping  peacefully the interactions with the other.

The Fraternity system:

 Working on invoking a legal framework that is deeply rooted in people’s cognition was the perfect solution that organized the modeling of migrants and supporters, upon which the legal relationship containing rights and duties were based; thus, the fraternity system based its credibility on Islam. Ibn Ishaq points out:’ the prophet, peace be upon him used to fraternize with migrants and supporters claiming:”fraternity is one of the strongest policies of Islam and as Islam puts it: exclusively all believers are brothers.

 The prophet strategy worked perfectly in creating a link between all members of the community putting all tribal differences apart; in Surrat Houjourat, Allah say:

“Believers are but a single brotherhood, so make peace and reconciliation between your two (contending) brothers”.

Thanks to the prophet system, tribles became much closer because before Islam wars destroyed the unity between people; therefore, the prophet ‘s invitation laid the ground for more tolerance and coexistence between people.

 More than this,the prophet used to fraternize with Arbs,Maouali, his uncle Hamza,Zayd Ibn Harith,Abi Dardae and Salman Farssi.As result of his fraternity with different people,one Islamic family has seen light, putting apart ancestry ,color and homeland’s differences and eventually the nation unity and the creation of the Islamic state ,led by the prophet, peace be upon him, was designed.

 Hence, the fraternity model, between the migrants and the supporters, is seen as a perfect setting shaping the human interaction, it is also conceived as an important part of turning the Islamic state into existence based on justice, righteousness and equality, being the role model guiding human performances living in security and peace far from extremism and intolerance that characterized the human interaction starting from the pre Islamic era.

Sheikh Mohammed Elghazali points out:” The purpose of the fraternity serves to fade away the zeal of the middle age as well differences of ancestry, color and homeland, thus, the prophet, peace be upon him, worked hardly to fully implement this system where positive interactions brought to the new community». That is why the model showed the discretion, and political maturity of the prophet.

Implementing social balance and discarding social hierarchies:

 Among the state’s duties is maintaining social balance among the nation, fulfilling equality among people through adopting justice and therefore throwing away their socio economical status  ,by going through this system, the prophet made it possible to establish balance and justice  between migrants  and supporters,Allah  say:

“And those who, before them, had homes (in Al- Madinah) and had adopted the Faith, love those who emigrate to them, and have no jealousy in their breasts for that which they have been given (from the booty of Bani An-Nadir), and give them (emigrants) preference over themselves, even though they were in need of that. And whosoever is saved from his own covetousness, such are they who will be the successfu »l.

Sheikh Mohammed points out: “the supporters were generous towards the emigrants, they then became a symbol of coexistence while dealing with their brothers”.

Thanks to the cooperation, unity and social solidarity, people were strong; they used to help each other, especially the supporters who were continuously assisting the emigrants who left their families and properties.

This is then a picture of the mature leadership of the ruling time of crisis, and how it reaches with the children of the community to the point of balance without distinction or variation class, thus ensuring the achievement of the most important causes of social bonding between people of the same community away from the conflicts of tribal or sectarian strife, and here we understand the secret of forgiveness immigrants to their brothers Al Ansar.