The new things that invalidate the fast (5)

The sixth item is: Anesthesia:
It includes many types:

First: The partial anesthesia through the nose: A patient smells gaseous substance that affects his nerves and causing anesthesia: this kind does not break the fast because the gaseous substance that enters the nose is not nutritious.

Second: The partial Chinese anesthesia:

In relation to China: This is done by inserting a dry needle into the centers of senses under the skin causing some glands to produce the natural morphine which is included in the body, thereby a patient loses sense.

This kind of anesthesia does not affect the fast as long as it is partial, not general, and because the substance does not reach the stomach.

Third: The partial anesthesia by injection:

Injecting a vein with a short-acting drug to cover the mind of the patient in a few seconds.
As long as it is partial, it does not break the fast and because it does not reach the stomach.

Fourth: The total anesthesia:

It is controversial among scholars: the former scholars discussed that issue of whether the fast of the person who enters into a coma valid or invalid?

First: to pass out all the day where a person does not wake up even part of the day: the fast of that person is invalid according to the majority of scholars.
The evidence of this case is the saying of the Prophet (peace be upon him) in the divine Hadith: "He abandons his food and desire for My Sake.” So, he ascribed abstaining to the fasting person; and the one who is in coma is not included in this.

Second: If a person does not pass out all day, this is a controversial matter.
The soundest view is: If a person wakes up part of the day, his fast is valid; this is the view of Imam Ahmad and Ash-Shafi`i.
According to Imam Malik, his fasting is not valid.
According to Abu Hanifah, if a person wakes up before the decline of the sun, a person may renew the intention and the fast will be valid. The soundest view is of Ahmad and Ash-Shafi`i because the intention of abstention  from food and drink was achieved by fasting part of the day. The same ruling goes for anesthesia.