Surat Al Baqarah (190-200)

{وَقَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ الَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ وَلَا تَعْتَدُوا إِنَّ اللهَ لَا يُحِبُّ المُعْتَدِينَ} [البقرة: 190]

190- Fight in the cause of Allah those infidels, who fight you, and to give superiority to His Religion, but do not transgress by killing women, children, monks, or distorting the shapes of the dead bodies, burning trees, and killing animals without benefit. Verily, Allah does not love those who transgress the limits that He has prescribed for them.

 

{وَاقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ ثَقِفْتُمُوهُمْ وَأَخْرِجُوهُمْ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَخْرَجُوكُمْ وَالفِتْنَةُ أَشَدُّ مِنَ القَتْلِ وَلَا تُقَاتِلُوهُمْ عِنْدَ المَسْجِدِ الحَرَامِ حَتَّى يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِيهِ فَإِنْ قَاتَلُوكُمْ فَاقْتُلُوهُمْ كَذَلِكَ جَزَاءُ الكَافِرِينَ} [البقرة: 191]

191- The matter of jihad has developed, so Allah said something to its effect: Kill the infidels wherever you find them, in defense and attack, and drive them out of their homes as they had driven you out of your homes. The disbelief and polytheism which they practise are much bigger than killing itself. They used to try you in your religion, torture you, confiscate your property, do not let you establish your religious rituals, and fight you to annihilate you out of the disbelief they practise.

Do not fight them at the Sacred Mosque until they start you. If they fight you therein, do not care for the sacred sites and fight them for this is the retribution of the aggressing unbelievers; fight them as they fought you.

{فَإِنِ انْتَهَوْا فَإِنَّ اللهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ} [البقرة:192]

192- If they ceased to fight you and stopped their disbelief, Allah will forgive their past sins and bestow mercy upon them. If they kill Muslims inside the sanctity of Allah, He will accept the repentance of those who repent no matter how great their sins are and will forgive them.

 

{وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ وَيَكُونَ الدِّينُ للهِ فَإِنِ انْتَهَوْا فَلَا عُدْوَانَ إِلَّا عَلَى الظَّالِمِينَ} [البقرة: 193]

193- Fight the unbelievers until you break their power and there will be no polytheism. Thereby, the religion will be solely for Allah and superior to all religions. Satan will not be worshipped and the disbelievers will not worship their idols. If the unbelievers stop polytheism and fighting the disbelievers, you may stop fighting them and do not transgress because there is no punishment except for the oppressors and those disbelievers repented their oppression.

 

{الشَّهْرُ الحَرَامُ بِالشَّهْرِ الحَرَامِ وَالحُرُمَاتُ قِصَاصٌ فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ فَاعْتَدُوا عَلَيْهِ بِمِثْلِ مَا اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ وَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللهَ مَعَ المُتَّقِينَ} [البقرة: 194]

194- If the polytheists fight you during the Sacred Months: Rajab, Dhul-Qa`dah, Dhul-Hijjah, and Al Muharram, kill them therein. When they violate the sanctity of these Months, they should be punished for that. So, fight them as a retribution for their aggression, obey Allah in all your conditions, and fear Him. Do not start fighting in the Sacred Sites or during the Sacred Months, and do not transgress if you gain victory over them because Allah is with those who follow His Orders; providing them with victory, support, and empowerment.

 

{وَأَنفِقُواْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللّهِ وَلاَ تُلْقُواْ بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ وَأَحْسِنُوَاْ إِنَّ اللّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ} [البقرة: 195]

195- Some Supporters said to one another secretly: Our money has been lost. The religion of Islam became victorious and its supporters were abundant, what if we tried to restore our lost money! Thereupon, Allah revealed this Ayah in their concern.

Abu Ayyub Al Ansary [may Allah be pleased with him] said as reported in the authentic Hadith: Then the destruction has begun by trying to restore our lost money, we abandoned fighting for the sake of Allah.

The Ayah contains a general order to Muslims to do what is required: Spend your money in jihad and in the ways of goodness and abandoning that is a loss and destruction. So, do pious acts, behave yourselves well, and spend your monies on Jihad and the people of need because Allah wants to reward the benevolent ones with good.

 

{وَأَتِمُّوا الحَجَّ وَالعُمْرَةَ للهِ فَإِنْ أُحْصِرْتُمْ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الهَدْيِ وَلَا تَحْلِقُوا رُءُوسَكُمْ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الهَدْيُ مَحِلَّهُ فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا أَوْ بِهِ أَذًى مِنْ رَأْسِهِ فَفِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍ فَإِذَا أَمِنْتُمْ فَمَنْ تَمَتَّعَ بِالعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الحَجِّ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الهَدْيِ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي الحَجِّ وَسَبْعَةٍ إِذَا رَجَعْتُمْ تِلْكَ عَشَرَةٌ كَامِلَةٌ ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَهْلُهُ حَاضِرِي المَسْجِدِ الحَرَامِ وَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللهَ شَدِيدُ العِقَابِ} [البقرة: 196]

196- If you start Hajj and `Umrah, complete the rituals. However, if you are prevented from accessing the Sacred House and were not able to complete the rituals, you can end your state of Ihram by slaughtering a sacrificial animal such as a camel or a cow or an ewe.

The meaning of Tahalul is to end the state of Ihram with the Shar`y ways.

Do not shave your heads, which is a sign for Tahalul [removal of the ritual state for Hajj and `Umrah], until the sacrificial animal that is sent to the Sacred Masjid reaches the place where it is lawful to be slaughtered. That place is the Sacred Masjid for the secure people and the place where a person has been blocked for the Muhrim who intends Hajj or `Umrah but cannot because of an obstacle or hindrance. However, there is a disagreement and details in this issue. Al Qurtuby said in his Tafsir: The majority says that the Muhsir [the Muhrim who intends Hajj or `Umrah but cannot] because of an enemy should terminate his Ihram where he was blocked, slaughter his sacrificial animal, if there is any, and shave his head.

However, those who are sick and cannot shave their heads or complain about an ailment in their heads such as lice or surgery, they should pay a ransom if they shaved their heads: which is to fast three days, give charity to six needy persons, or slaughter an ewe or something of the like in the Sacred Masjid.

If you were able to perform theses rituals, then whoever among you intended to perform `Umrah then changed their minds to perform Hajj or intended to perform both, they should slaughter a sacrifice and the least number of sacrificial animals they should slaughter are two ewes. However, if they were not able to do so, they should fast three days during the Hajj and seven days when they return home; that would be ten days.

This type of Hajj is for all people except the people of Makkah and the Sacred Sites. Likewise, those who live near the Sacred Masjid in a distance that entails shortening of Salah according to Al Shafi`y [may Allah be merciful with him].

You should fear Allah and do what He has commanded you to do and abstain from things that He prohibited you to do. Verily, Allah punishes those who disobey Him severely.

 

{الحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَعْلُومَاتٌ فَمَنْ فَرَضَ فِيهِنَّ الحَجَّ فَلَا رَفَثَ وَلَا فُسُوقَ وَلَا جِدَالَ فِي الحَجِّ وَمَا تَفْعَلُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ يَعْلَمْهُ اللهُ وَتَزَوَّدُوا فَإِنَّ خَيْرَ الزَّادِ التَّقْوَى وَاتَّقُونِ يَا أُولِي الأَلْبَابِ} [البقرة: 197]

197- The Months of Hajj are well-known: which are Shawwal, Dhul-Qa`dah, and ten days of Dhul-Hijjahl. So, those who intend to perform Hajj during these Months should do so and abide by the etiquettes of Hajj. It is not permissible to have sexual intercourse, foreplay, or committing minor sins, Major Sins, or any forbidden act during Hajj. This should be confirmed during Hajj that is meant for the sake of Allah. There should be no dispute or wrangling during Hajj: A hajji should not irritate his Muslim brother, insult him, or quarrel with him, especially, his companions and servants.

Verily, Allah is Well-Acquainted with those pious acts which you do and shall reward you the best.

You bring with you the provisions that will suffice you and prevent you from asking the people for charity during the Hajj and do not rely on circumstances.

The best provision that you can bring with you is piety, the pious acts, and obedience that will benefit you in the Hereafter.

Expect and fear My Punishment if you disobey My Orders, O people of understanding and people of reason.

 

{لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ فَإِذَا أَفَضْتُمْ مِنْ عَرَفَاتٍ فَاذْكُرُوا اللهَ عِنْدَ المَشْعَرِ الحَرَامِ وَاذْكُرُوهُ كَمَا هَدَاكُمْ وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ لَمِنَ الضَّالِّينَ} [البقرة: 198]

198- There is no harm on you if you earn some monies by concluding deals during Hajj.

If you leave `Arafah after your stoppage there, remember Allah by saying Talbiyah "Labayka Allahumma Labbayk" [O Allah, here I am responding to Your Call], Tahlil "La Ilaha Illa Allah" [There is no god but Allah], and supplication at Al Mash`ar Al Haram [The hill in Muzdalifah where pilgrims should make Du'a' [Supplication to Allah] after they have spent the night at Muzdalifah, and after which they should go to Makkah to throw Jamarat Al-'Aqabah on the morning of the 10th of Dhul-Hijjah]. The Messenger [peace be upon him] stood there, faced the Qiblah, supplicated Allah, said Takbir "Allahu Akbar" [Allah is the Greatest], and said Tahlil as reported in Sahih Muslim.

Remember Allah as He guided you to your religion, the rituals of Hajj, and taught you what you know not.

 

{ثُمَّ أَفِيضُوا مِنْ حَيْثُ أَفَاضَ النَّاسُ وَاسْتَغْفِرُوا اللهَ إِنَّ اللهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ} [البقرة: 199]

199- Then, depart from `Arafat [a mountain near Makkah] as people departed since the time of Ibraham [peace be upon him], spend the night at Muzdalifah [place outside Makkah], throw the pebbles, and complete the rest of the rituals.

Quraysh did not stand at `Arafat like the rest of the tribes nor to depart from it like the rest, thereupon this Ayah was revealed as Al Bukhari and others reported.

Seek Allah’s forgiveness of your ignorance when you altered the rituals, for He forgives the sins of those who repent to Him and has mercy over them.

 

{فَإِذَا قَضَيْتُمْ مَنَاسِكَكُمْ فَاذْكُرُوا اللهَ كَذِكْرِكُمْ آَبَاءَكُمْ أَوْ أَشَدَّ ذِكْرًا فَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَقُولُ رَبَّنَا آَتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَمَا لَهُ فِي الآَخِرَةِ مِنْ خَلَاقٍ} [البقرة: 200]

200- If accomplished the rituals of Hajj, praise Allah and thank Him for guiding you to that. Supplicate Him frequently as the young boy frequently mentions his father and mother and as you mention your fathers in their old days, but even mention Him more. He is your Lord and the Lord of your fathers Who bestows His Favors and blessings on you all.

Some people did not succeed to supplicate properly. One may say: O Allah, provide us with blessings and good things in this world, and make this year full of good and rain. Such people have no share in the Hereafter because they did not ask for guidance to his soul [which is the more important than the whole world].