Surat Al Anfal: 75 Surat At-Tawbah (1)

{وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ مِن بَعْدُ وَهَاجَرُواْ وَجَاهَدُواْ مَعَكُمْ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ مِنكُمْ وَأُوْلُواْ الأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللّهِ إِنَّ اللّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ} [الأنفال : 75]

75- And those who believed, migrated after the first migration, and fought with you in the way of Allah are your brothers in Islam because faith is one, the religion is one, but favor and honor is for those who believed first.

Only relatives inherit from one another and that abrogates the first legislation which states that migration is one of the causes of inheritance. This is the ruling of Allah in His Book and He is All-Acquainted with everything including the system of inheritance, its conditions, development, and the wisdom behind the distribution of shares.

Ibn `Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) established the bond of brotherhood among his Companions and made some of them inherit from one another until Allah revealed the following Ayah: " And those who believed afterwards, and emigrated and strove hard along with you (in the Cause of Allâh), they are of you. But kindred by blood are nearer to one another (regarding inheritance) in the decree ordained by Allâh. Verily, Allâh is All-Knower of everything." Thereafter, the Companions did not inherit from one another and only accepted inheritance from their kins.

Surat At-Tawbah

{بَرَاءةٌ مِّنَ اللّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ إِلَى الَّذِينَ عَاهَدتُّم مِّنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ} [التوبة : 1]

1- This is a freedom of all obligations from Allah and His Messenger to those of the polytheists.

There were signed treaties between Muslims and Arab polytheists who broke their covenants except for few tribes, so Muslims were commanded to break their covenants with them as shall be explained later and gave a four-months respite to the polytheists.